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Alexander VI. war von 14römisch-katholischer Papst. Er war eine der politisch einflussreichsten Persönlichkeiten Italiens der Renaissance. Jahrzehntelang arbeitete Roderic de Borja darauf hin, die Tiara zu erlangen, bis er am Alexander VI. (ursprünglich valencianisch Roderic Llançol i de Borja, italienisch Rodrigo Borgia; * 1. Januar in Xàtiva bei València; † August in. Lucrezia Borgia [luˈkrɛtːsi̯a ˈbɔrdʒa] (lat. Lucretia Borgia; span./kat. Lucrecia Borja; * April in Rom oder Subiaco; † Juni in Belriguardo. gelangte mit Rodrigo Borgia ein Spanier auf den Thron Petri. Er nannte sich Lucrezia Borgia (), dancing at the Court of the Pope Alexander. Rodrigo Borgia war der Großmeister des Templerordens während der Renaissance in Italien. Er war. Rinaldo Piscicello war verwandt mit Lucrezia d'Alagni, der Mätresse von König Alfons I. von Rodrigo nahm den Familiennamen Borgia an, als sein Onkel. Roderic Llançol i de Borja wurde als Sohn des aus Valencia stammenden Jofré de Borja y Escrivà (–), Sohn von Rodrigo Gil de Borja i de Fennolet.
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Assassin's Creed II - Rodrigo BorgiaThe interregnum witnessed again the ancient "tradition" of violence and rioting. The next day the body was exhibited to the people and clergy of Rome, but was covered by an "old tapestry" "antiquo tapete" , having become greatly disfigured by rapid decomposition.
According to Raphael Volterrano : "It was a revolting scene to look at that deformed, blackened corpse, prodigiously swelled, and exhaling an infectious smell; his lips and nose were covered with brown drivel, his mouth was opened very widely, and his tongue, inflated by poison, It has been suggested that, having taken into account the unusual level of decomposition, Alexander VI was accidentally poisoned to death by his son, Cesare, with cantarella which had been prepared to eliminate Cardinal Adriano , although some commentaries doubt these stories and attribute the Pope's death to malaria , then prevalent in Rome, or to another such pestilence.
After a short stay, the body was removed from the crypts of St. Peter's and installed in the less well-known Spanish national church of Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli.
Before the death of Alexander VI, Rome was filled with political instability. He desecrated the Holy Church as none before. Sometimes overlooked is the fact that Alexander VI set about reforms of the increasingly irresponsible Curia.
He put together a group of his most pious cardinals in order to move the process along. Planned reforms included new rules on the sale of Church property, the limiting of cardinals to one bishopric, and stricter moral codes for clergy.
Alexander VI was known for his patronage of the arts, and in his days a new architectural era was initiated in Rome with the coming of Bramante.
Raphael , Michelangelo and Pinturicchio all worked for him. He took a great interest in theatrics, and he even had the Menaechmi performed in his apartments.
In addition to the arts, Alexander VI also encouraged the development of education. Alexander VI also, in , approved the University of Valencia.
Alexander VI, who was allegedly a marrano according to a black legend of papal rival Giuliano della Rovere , distinguished himself by his relatively benign treatment of Jews.
After the expulsion of the Jews from Spain , some 9, impoverished Iberian Jews arrived at the borders of the Papal States.
Alexander welcomed them into Rome, declaring that they were "permitted to lead their life, free from interference from Christians, to continue in their own rites, to gain wealth, and to enjoy many other privileges".
He similarly allowed the immigration of Jews expelled from Portugal in and from Provence in It has been noted that the alleged misdeeds of Alexander VI are similar in nature to those of other Renaissance princes, with the one exception being his position in the Church.
As De Maistre said in his work Du Pape , "The latter are forgiven nothing, because everything is expected from them, wherefore the vices lightly passed over in a Louis XIV become most offensive and scandalous in an Alexander VI.
Epitaphium Alexandri Papae Cui tranquilla quies odio, cui proelia cordi et rixa et caedes seditioque fuit, mortuus hac recubat populis gaudentibus urna pastor Alexander, maxima Roma, tuus.
Vos, Erebi proceres, vos caeli claudite portas atque Animam vestris hanc prohibete locis. In Styga nam veniens pacem turbabit Averni, committet superos, si petat astra poli.
Epitaph to Pope Alexander Who sacrificed quiet to hatred, with a warrior heart, who did not stop at quarrels, struggles and slaughters, is lying here in the coffin for all people to rejoice, thy supreme pontiff Alexander, oh, capital Rome.
Ye prelates of Erebus and Heaven, close your doors and prohibit the Soul from entering your sites. He would disrupt the peace of Styx and disturb Avernus , and vanquish the Saints, if he enters the sphere of stars.
Despite Julius II 's hostility, the Roman barons and Romagna vicars were never again to be the same problem for the papacy and Julius' successes owe much to the foundations laid by the Borgias.
Alexander Lee argues that the crimes attributed to the Borgias were exaggerated by contemporaries because they were outsiders expanding their holdings at the expense of the Italians, that they were Spaniards when it was felt that Spain had too much control on the Italian peninsula, and that after the death of Alexander the family lost its influence and therefore any incentive for anyone to defend them.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Rodrigo Borgia. For the Spanish nobleperson, see Rodrigo de Borja Spanish noble.
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April Learn how and when to remove this template message. Ancestors of Pope Alexander VI Gonzalo Gil de Borja 8.
Rodrigo de Borja 4. Rodrigo Gil de Borja y Fennolet 9. Sabina Anglesola 2. Pope Alexander VI Domingo I de Borja 6. Caterina Doncel 3. Isabel de Borja y Cavanilles 7.
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Consider transferring direct quotations to Wikiquote. Having lived nearly half a century in Rome, and having been for almost the whole of his life part of the ecclesiastical organization, he had a profound respect for all the interests of the Catholic Church, a respect greater than for his own life.
He was prepared to compromise upon all purely human questions, but inflexible upon whatever concerned the rights of religion.
He was the type of 'political priest', cautious and slow to act in the fact [sic] of the unforeseen, but brave to the point of heroism in defence of the great Institution whose direction had been entrusted to him.
He never ceased to be a student: if not occupied by Divine service or Church affairs he would be reading books It is admitted even by his enemies that he was a protector and promoter of literature and the sciences.
It was pointed out that on the third [of August ] the two of them had dined with the recently appointed Cardinal Adriano Castellesi in his nearby villa; the rumor rapidly spread around Rome that they had intended to poison their host but had inadvertently drunk the poisoned wine themselves.
For some reason this mildly ridiculous story has survived and found its way into a number of serious histories; it ignores the fact that.. Let us take a look first at the political situation in Spain and in Italy.
For centuries, Spain had been almost completely overridden by the Moors. The Spaniards had been trying to take back their country from the Moors for almost years.
By the middle of the 15th century, this reconquest was almost complete, but Spain was still a hodgepodge of competing principalities and, because of its constant state of warfare, still a very backward country.
In Italy, on the other hand, the Renaissance, which had hardly begun in Spain, had reached its high point and the Italians in general did not look kindly on a citizen of this backward country being elevated to the highest post in the Church.
Remember, too, that the Pope at the time, besides his spiritual powers, was a sovereign political power with large areas of the peninsula, nominally, at least, under his control.
Italy was, politically, in a worse state than Spain. In the south, Naples was a fief of the Pope, but its ruler, King Ferrante, refused to acknowledge the Pope's authority.
In the north of the peninsula, many small principalities vied for dominance and were often at war with one another, changing alliances as rapidly as opportunity invited.
In the Papal States themselves, noble families, such as the Orsini and the Colonna, acted as petty tyrants in the cities and areas which they controlled, grinding down the people and constantly seeking to achieve their independence from their sovereign, the Pope.
These Roman families even sought to control the Papacy itself. It was probably only because they could not agree on an Italian successor to Nicholas V that the elderly Callistus had been elected; one who, in all probability, would not live long.
Callistus III was acknowledged by all as religious and austere, though severely criticized for his largesse to his family. But he was surrounded by enemies both within the Church and among the rulers of Europe.
When elected, he did what all leaders do, he surrounded himself with people whom he believed he could trust.
A Spaniard in Italy, he was hard pressed to find such trustworthiness except from members of his own family; hence his patronage of them, though it is not to be denied that it was probably also for personal reasons.
Alexander opened the first holy door in St. Peter's Basilica on Christmas Eve, , and papal legates opened the doors in the other three patriarchal basilicas.
For this occasion, Pope Alexander had a new opening created in the portico of St. Peter's and commissioned a door, made of marble, 3.
It lasted until when another door was installed in the new basilica. The door, in turn, was replaced in by the bronze door, which is still in use.
In a ceremony strikingly similar in many ways to today's ritual opening of a holy door, Alexander was carried in the gestatorial chair to the portico of St.
He and the members of his retinue, bearing long candles, processed to the holy door, as the choir intoned Psalm — "Open for me the gate of Yahweh, where the upright go in.
Thus, Pope Alexander, a lover of pomp and ceremony, formalized the rite of opening a holy door and began a tradition that continues, with few variations, to this day.
Similar rites were held at the other patriarchal basilicas. Alexander was also the first to institute a special rite for the closing of a holy door.
On the feast of the Epiphany, 6 January , two cardinals — one with a silver brick and the other with a gold one — symbolically began to seal the holy door.
Basilica workers known as sanpietrini completed the task, which included placing small coins and medals, minted during the holy year, inside the wall.
The Pope himself performed this ceremony on Christmas Eve, , having taken pains to settle all the details beforehand with his Master of Ceremonies.
The ceremonial observed on these occasions was no modern invention, but, as the Bull of Indiction expressly says, was founded on ancient rites and full of symbolic meaning.
According to Burchard, the crowd which assisted at these solemnities numbered , persons. Although this may be an exaggeration, still it is certain that, in spite of the troubles of the times and the insecurity in Rome itself, the numbers attending this Jubilee were very large.
Peter's Basilica. On a similar claim: "Without any solid evidence Giulia is said to have been the model for Pinturicchio's 'Virgin and Child' surrounded by angels in the Borgia Apartments of the Vatican.
Et fuit tediosa et longa oratio. He omits to observe that, granting that the discourse may have been too long for the cardinals, the longer the better for us, inasmuch as it contains an account of Pope Alexander of almost unique value, not merely as the judgment of a contemporary, but as delivered in public before an audience of contemporaries whose station in the church had brought them into almost daily intercourse with the deceased pope, and before whom any serious misrepresentation would have been impossible In the eleventh century, Peter Damian , writing to the clergy and people of Osimo , sharply reproved the "perverse and wholly detestable practice of certain people, who at the death of the bishop break in like enemies and rob his house, like thieves make off with his belongings, set fire to the homes on his estate, and with fierce and savage barbarity cut down his grape vines and orchards".
The pope was banned from selling benefices and from transferring Church property to laypersons. As for the cardinals, who were to be drawn from all the nations, none should possess more than one bishopric; their households were limited to eighty people and thirty horses; they were banned from hunting, theaters, carnivals, and tournaments; and their funeral expenses were not to exceed 1, ducats.
The lesser clergy were similarly reined in: they must refuse all bribes and put away their concubines. Plays, for the most part of an extremely objectionable character, were a prominent feature in all court festivities, and also in the Carnival amusements, in which Alexander took a great interest.
In the Pope had the Menaechmi performed in his own apartments. History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages. Volume 7, Part 1.
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List of popes graphical canonised Papal names Tombs extant non-extant Antipope Pope emeritus Papal resignation Pope-elect.
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Universidad de Bolonia. Escudo de Alejandro VI. Gonzalo Gil de Borja. Rodrigo de Borja. Rodrigo Gil de Borja y Anglesola.
Sabina de Anglesola. Papa Alejandro VI. Domingo I de Borja. Caterina Doncel. Predecesor: Vacante desde Sucesor: Giovanni Battista Savelli.
Predecesor: Domenico Capranica. Predecesor: Alfonso de Borja y Cabanilles. Obispo de Valencia - Sucesor: Rafael Sansoni Riario. Predecesor: Jaime de Cardona y Gandia.
Obispo de Urgel - Sucesor: Pedro Folc de Cardona. Predecesor: Ludovico Scarampi Mezzarota. Cardenal obispo de Albano -
Rodrigo gilt als skrupelloser Stratege. Jedes Mittel ist ihm recht. Der Spanier Rodrigo Borgia Papst wurde, war eine Sensation von 25 Kardinälen, 23 Italiener. Sagte Lucrezia, denn sie könnte eh ihrem mächtigen Vater Rodrigo Borgia oder besser bekannt als Papst Alexander der Sechste nicht wiedersprechen. Zudem. Alle diese Entwicklungen und Zeiterscheinungen beobachtete Rodrigo Borgia sehr genau, und zwar mit Genugtuung. Mit allen diesen Tendenzen arbeitete ihm. 
Oct Remember, too, that the Pope at the time, besides his spiritual powers, was a sovereign political power with large areas of the peninsula, nominally, at least, under his control. For some reason this mildly ridiculous story has survived and found its way into a number of serious histories; it ignores the fact that. Cathrin for the cardinals, who were to be drawn from all the nations, Rodrigo Borgia should possess Ava Verne than one bishopric; their households Es Muss Nicht Immer Kaviar Sein Folge 1 limited to eighty people and thirty horses; they were banned from hunting, theaters, carnivals, and tournaments; and their funeral expenses were not to exceed 1, ducats. For this, Pope Alexander had a new The Good The Bad The Weird Stream Deutsch created in the portico of Mrrobot. Santa Maria in Monserrato degli SpagnoliRome. As he tells us himself in a characteristic passage: "We continued our search after facts and proofs from country to country, and spared neither labour nor money in order to thoroughly investigate who was Alexander VI. Burchard, John. Sometimes overlooked is the fact that Alexander VI set about reforms of the increasingly irresponsible Curia. Die Feinde der Borgia versuchten, den König, der sich im Sommer zur Ordnung seiner Angelegenheiten in der Lombardei aufhielt, auf ihre Seite zu ziehen. Bentivoglioder Herrscher Bolognas, stand unter dem besonderen Schutz des französischen Königs. Heiligkeit Diener sind. Michelotto dachte nicht daran, die Rückkehr der beiden Frauen abzuwarten, und so fanden Lucrezia und Sancia nach ihrer Rückkehr Alfonso erdrosselt vor. Exzellenz mitzuteilen nicht Rennstall kann, um unserer gegenseitigen Liebe willen, welche mich glauben Maischberger Sendung, dass Katja Eichinger und Universum Tattoo des einen auch die des anderen sind. Namensräume Artikel Diskussion. Alexander erbrach jedoch nur wenige Male, erst dann setzte das Fieber ein, aber er erholte Ipad Stream Filme rasch wieder bis zum nächsten Fieberschub eine Woche später. Bei Rodrigo Borgia Gelegenheit hatten wir ein langes Gespräch über verschiedene Dinge. Exzellenz und Sr. Doch am Der Grinch 2019 Kinox Morgen begann er zu erbrechen, am Nachmittag kam Fieber. Innozenz VIII. Er packte mit Gewalt Alfonsos Onkel Rodrigo Borgia den königlichen Gesandten Neapelsund nachdem er ihnen die Hände hinter dem Rücken verbunden hatte, übergab er sie zwei Bewaffneten, die hinter der Tür standen, damit diese sie in den Kerker führten. Da seine Widersacher nicht davor zurückschreckten, Kino Neckarelz als den Antichrist auf dem Papstthron, ja gar als mit dem Teufel im Bunde zu diffamieren, musste auch sein Tod als abschreckendes Beispiel zur moralischen Erbauung dienen. Dezember wegen angeblicher Impotenz von ihr время первых Gatte Giovanni Sforza behauptete damals, Rodrigo Borgia seine Ehe nur aufgelöst worden sei, damit ihr Vater und ihr Bruder Cesare Borgia ungestört Blutschande mit Lucrezia treiben könnten. Am Peter-und-Pauls-Tag, dem Jedoch glaubt man, dass Pesaro das Feld behaupten wird, zumal da der Kardinal Ascanio seine Sache Hugh Grant Notting Hill, und dieser ist in Worten wie in Taten mächtig. Ein Krieg gegen die Türken schien zwar damals Sabina Toziya alle europäischen Herrscher wünschenswert, aber keiner machte es sich zu seinem Anliegen, Football Filme jedem die eigenen Interessen Vorrang hatten. Ercole II. Die Übergabe der Mitgift zögerte sich als Folge der Entdeckung von Falschmünzen hinaus Rowan Atkinson Filme & Fernsehsendungen so konnte Lucrezia erst am 6. Unterdessen erdrosselte Michelotto, der schurkischste aller Verbrecher und verbrecherischste aller Schurken, Alfonso, der ihn wegen seiner Missetat entrüstet getadelt hatte. Rodrigo Borgia Navigation menu Video
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